Skip to Main Content Skip to Main Navigation
Hands Forming a Heart
academics accessibility alert arts backpack calendar camera careers circle-check circle pointing down clock contact envelope Facebook fax file globe globe grades help information link off location lunch Connect Notify NYC Department of Education office worker office worker One Plus Three phone question rss school school-high search sports students Sun transportation Twitter Twitter user Vimeo world information Graduation Hat
file-pdf file-word file-word file-excel file-excel ar bn zh ko ru ur en fr-FR fr-HT es Español

The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. Up and Down arrows will open main level menus and toggle through sub tier links. Enter and space open menus and escape closes them as well. Tab will move on to the next part of the site rather than go through menu items.

NYC Public Schools stacked logoNYC Public Schools logo
  • Enrollment
    • Enroll Grade by Grade
    • Enrollment Help
    • Enroll in Charter Schools
    • Summer
    • Other Ways to Graduate
    • NYC Bright Starts
    • Enroll Grade by Grade
    • Learn About Enrollment
    • Infant and Toddler
    • Head Start
    • 3-K
    • Pre-K
    • Kindergarten
    • Gifted and Talented
    • Middle School
    • High School
    • Specialized High Schools
    • How Students Get Offers to DOE Public Schools
    • Waitlists
    • District 75
    • Enrollment Help
    • Family Welcome Centers
    • Meeting Student Needs
    • New Students
    • Transfers
    • Home Schooling
    • Enrollment Forms
    • Enroll in Charter Schools
    • Learn About Charter Schools
    • How to Enroll in Charter Schools
    • Pre-K Charter Schools
    • Summer
    • Summer Rising
    • Other Ways to Graduate
    • Learn About Other Ways to Graduate
    • Alternative Middle Schools
    • Young Adult Borough Centers
    • Transfer High Schools
    • High School Equivalency (Ages 17-21)
    • Adult Education (Ages 21 plus)
    • Kindergarten
    • Elementary Admissions Events
    • High School
    • High School Auditions
    • Screened Admissions
    • Assessments for Screened Schools
    • Educational Option (Ed Opt) Admissions Method
    • Types of High Schools
    • Spotlight on Great High School Options
    • Offer Chances
    • Specialized High Schools
    • Discovery Programs
    • How Students Get Offers to DOE Public Schools
    • Random Numbers in Admissions
    • Meeting Student Needs
    • Enrollment for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Students
    • Enrollment for Students with Disabilities
    • Enrollment for Students with Accessibility Needs
    • Enrollment for Students Learning English
    • Diversity in Admissions
    • Non-Resident Enrollment
    • Transfer High Schools
    • Transfer Schools Guide
    • High School Equivalency (Ages 17-21)
    • Enroll in High School Equivalency Classes (Ages 17-21)
  • Find a School
  • Learning
    • Special Education
    • Multilingual Learners
    • Digital Learning
    • Subjects
    • Testing
    • Student Journey
    • Programs
    • Special Education
    • Family Resources
    • The IEP Process
    • Supports and Services
    • School Settings
    • Preschool to Age 21
    • Help
    • Building Accessibility
    • Boldly Reimagining Special Education
    • Due Process: Impartial Hearings and Mediation
    • Equitable Services (IESP) Assistance
    • Impartial Hearing Order Implementation
    • Multilingual Learners
    • Annual Parent Teacher Meetings for English Language Learners
    • Bill of Rights for Parents of English Language Learners
    • College-Career Readiness for English Language Learners
    • Community Organizations that Help Multilingual and Immigrant Families
    • English Language Learners
    • Multilingual and Immigrant Student Support Resource Site
    • Multilingual NYC
    • New York State Seal of Biliteracy
    • Programs for English Language Learners
    • Summer for Multilingual Learners
    • Tests for English Language Learners
    • Translated Support for Digital Learning
    • Welcoming and Inclusive Schools for Multilingual and Immigrant Communities
    • Digital Learning
    • Digital Learning Devices
    • Applications and Platforms
    • NYCPS Accounts
    • Digital Citizenship
    • Microsoft Software
    • Subjects
    • Arts
    • Civics for All
    • Computer Science
    • English Language Arts
    • Health Education
    • Libraries
    • Literacy
    • Math
    • Physical Education
    • Science
    • Social Studies
    • STEM
    • Testing
    • Student Participation Guide
    • NY State English Language Arts Test
    • NY State Math Test
    • NY State Science Test
    • NY State Alternate Assessment
    • NY State High School Regents Exams
    • Tests for English Language Learners
    • World Languages
    • Specialized High School Admissions Test
    • College Entrance Exams
    • Advanced Placement Exams
    • High School Equivalency Exam
    • Periodic Assessments
    • Testing Calendar
    • Arts Commencement Assessments
    • How to Prepare for the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test
    • Student Journey
    • Bridge Coach
    • Career-Connected Learning
    • College and Career Planning
    • Experiential Learning
    • Grade by Grade
    • Grading
    • Graduation Requirements
    • NYC Schools Account
    • Promotion Policy
    • Student Records and Transcripts
    • FutureReadyNYC
    • Programs
    • Wellness Wednesday NYC
    • Community Schools
    • NYC Great!
    • NYC Urban Ambassadors
    • DREAM Program
    • Medically Necessary Instruction
    • District 79 (Alternate Learning Center)
    • RISE
    • Single Shepherd
    • PROSE
    • Outdoor Learning Initiative
    • NYC Mentoring Program
    • Family Resources
    • Special Education Supports
    • Beyond Access Series
    • The IEP Process
    • Starting the Process
    • Making a Referral
    • Evaluation
    • IEP Meeting
    • The IEP
    • Parent Members
    • Supports and Services
    • Assistive Technology
    • Behavior Supports
    • Related Services
    • Specialized Transportation
    • Other Special Education Services
    • Testing Accommodations
    • Extended School Year Services for July and August
    • Building Accessibility
    • School Settings
    • District Schools
    • Specialized Programs
    • District 75
    • Other Educational Settings
    • Preschool to Age 21
    • Special Education in NYC
    • Preschool Students
    • Kindergarten Students
    • Students with Disabilities and Gifted and Talented
    • Middle School Students
    • High School Students
    • Transition from High School
    • Help
    • Talking About Disability
    • Your Rights
    • Contacts and Resources
    • Special Education Glossary
    • Committees on Special Education
    • Resources for Staff and Providers
    • N.G. by F.E. v. New York City Department of Education, et al.
    • M.G. vs DOE Notice of Proposed Class Action Settlement
    • J.S.M. vs DOE Notice of Class Action Settlement
    • Boldly Reimagining Special Education
    • Inclusive Schools
    • Due Process: Impartial Hearings and Mediation
    • Due Process Rights
    • Getting Support
    • Impartial Hearings
    • Mediation
    • Digital Learning Devices
    • Your DOE-loaned Device
    • iPad Fixes
    • Lost or Stolen Devices
    • Device Returns
    • Technical Support for Families
    • Free and Low-Cost Internet Options
    • Applications and Platforms
    • TeachHub
    • One Account for All
    • New York City Schools Account (NYCSA)
    • MySchools
    • SupportHub
    • Google Classroom
    • Microsoft Teams
    • Parent U
    • Zoom
    • iLearnNYC
    • WeLearnNYC
    • WeTeachNYC
    • Tools for Keeping Children Safe Online
    • Arts
    • How to Prepare for a Theater Audition
    • How to Make a Visual Arts Portfolio
    • How to Prepare for a Dance Audition
    • How to Engage with NYC Arts and Cultural Institutions
    • Celebrate DOE Arts
    • 4th Annual NYC Public School Film Festival
    • Health Education
    • Health Education Requirements
    • Literacy
    • Literacy Advisory Council
    • NYC Reads
    • Literacy Resources for Families
    • Math
    • NYC Solves
    • Physical Education
    • Physical Education Requirements
    • Social Studies
    • Current Events
    • Hidden Voices
    • Black History Month
    • Women's History Month
    • Arab American Heritage Month
    • Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month
    • Jewish American Heritage Month
    • Caribbean American Heritage Month
    • Pride Month
    • Juneteenth
    • Hispanic Heritage Month
    • Native American Heritage Month
    • STEM
    • Minecraft Education Challenge
    • College Entrance Exams
    • SAT School Day
    • How to Prepare for the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test
    • How to Prepare for the English Language Arts Section
    • How to Prepare for the Math Section
    • College and Career Planning
    • Applying to College
    • College Awareness Day
    • Exploring Future Careers
    • Paying for College
    • NYC Kids RISE Save for College Program
    • Free College and Career Advising
    • College Information for Immigrant Students
    • College and Career Glossary
    • National Student Clearinghouse Notice and Opt Out Form
    • Experiential Learning
    • Genovesi Environmental Study Center
    • NYC Center for Aerospace and Applied Mathematics
    • Service in Schools
    • Grade by Grade
    • Early Childhood Learning
    • Elementary School Learning
    • Middle School Learning
    • High School Learning
    • NYC Schools Account
    • NYCSA Mobile Application
    • Student Records and Transcripts
    • Requesting Student Records and Transcripts
    • Report Cards
    • Wellness Wednesday NYC
    • Wellness Wednesday NYC Activity
    • Special Education Supports
    • Assistive Technology
    • Occupational Therapy Supports
    • Physical Therapy Supports
    • Speech Therapy Supports
    • Related Services
    • Finding an Independent Provider
    • District 75
    • District 75 Programs
    • Your DOE-loaned Device
    • iPad Data
    • Sign in to Zscaler
    • TeachHub
    • TeachHub Mobile Application
    • Celebrate DOE Arts
    • Celebrate DOE Arts 2020
    • Early Childhood Learning
    • Early Childhood Resources
    • Early Literacy Resources
    • Family Child Care
  • School Life
    • Accessibility at the DOE
    • Health and Wellness
    • Food
    • Transportation
    • Know Your Rights
    • School Environment
    • Safe Schools
    • Special Situations
    • Space and Facilities
    • Accessibility at the DOE
    • Building Accessibility
    • Accessibility Support on iPads and Other Devices
    • Accessibility Statement
    • Enrollment for Students with Accessibility Needs
    • Local Law 12
    • Health and Wellness
    • Staying Healthy
    • Health Services
    • Health Requirements to Attend School
    • Immunizations
    • 504 Accommodations
    • Mental Health
    • School-Based Health Centers
    • Sports and Staying Active
    • Condom Availability Program
    • Menstrual Products for Students
    • Food
    • School Meals
    • Menus
    • Food Programs
    • Menu Nutrition Information
    • Charter and Non-Public Schools Food Service
    • Transportation
    • Transportation Overview
    • Transportation Eligibility
    • Student OMNY Cards
    • Pre-K and Early Intervention Bus Companies
    • Bus Companies for School Age Children
    • Transportation Guide
    • Safe Travel Tips
    • Family Responsibilities and Expectations
    • Transportation Rights
    • Weather Emergency Procedures
    • Contact Information
    • Know Your Rights
    • Chancellor's Regulations
    • Discipline Code
    • Parents' Bill of Rights
    • Parents' Bill of Rights for Data Privacy and Security
    • Other Policies
    • Project Open Arms
    • School Environment
    • NYC Public Schools Speak Your Language
    • Respect for All: Preventing and Addressing Student-to-Student Discrimination, Sexual and Other Harassment, Intimidation, and Bullying
    • Digital Citizenship
    • After-School
    • Attendance
    • School Counselors
    • LGBTQ Supports
    • Get Help
    • Get Help at Your Charter School
    • Guidelines on Gender
    • Dress Code Guidelines
    • Immigrant Families
    • Project PIVOT
    • Safe Schools
    • Anti-Hate Hotline/Incident Reporting Pathways
    • Bullying / Respect for All
    • Emergency Readiness
    • Gang Prevention and Intervention
    • Resilient Kids, Safer Schools
    • School Safety
    • Suspensions
    • Special Situations
    • Child Abuse
    • Court-Involved Youth
    • Crisis or Traumatic Event
    • Responding to Behavioral Crises
    • Services for Student Parents
    • Students in Foster Care
    • Students in Temporary Housing
    • Substance Abuse
    • Space and Facilities
    • Building Accessibility
    • Local Law 12
    • Campus Governance
    • District Planning
    • School Buildings
    • Space and Facilities Reports
    • Sustainability
    • School Construction
    • Staying Healthy
    • Allergies
    • Asthma
    • Concussions
    • Diabetes
    • Head Lice
    • Other Health Topics
    • Dental
    • Health Services
    • School Vision Program
    • Sports and Staying Active
    • CHAMPS
    • Public Schools Athletic League
    • School Meals
    • Food Service for Parents and Students
    • Food Service for School Principal and Charter Schools
    • Plant Powered Friday
    • Food Education Roadmap
    • Menus
    • Breakfast Meals
    • Lunch Meals
    • After School Meals
    • Food Benefits
    • Transportation Overview
    • Whats New
    • Transportation Eligibility
    • Exceptions to Transportation Eligibility
    • Respect for All: Preventing and Addressing Student-to-Student Discrimination, Sexual and Other Harassment, Intimidation, and Bullying
    • Respect for All Handouts
    • Digital Citizenship
    • Social Media Guidelines for Students 12 and Younger
    • Parent Social Media Guide for Students 12 and Under
    • Social Media Guidelines for Students Over 13
    • Parent Social Media Guide for Students Over 13
    • Cybersecurity Awareness Month
    • LGBTQ Supports
    • Community-based LGBTQ Organizations
    • Get Help
    • Parent Complaints and Appeals
    • Get Help at Your Charter School
    • File a Formal Complaint at Your Charter School
    • Guidelines on Gender
    • Guidelines to Support Transgender and Gender Expansive Students
    • Guidelines on Gender Inclusion
    • Immigrant Families
    • Protocols for NonLocal Law Enforcement
    • School Safety
    • Parent Guide to School Safety and Emergency Preparedness
    • Students in Temporary Housing
    • E.G. v. City of New York (WiFi Case): Notice of Proposed Class Action Settlement
    • District Planning
    • District Planning Document Library
    • 2024-2025 Data Summaries
    • Space and Facilities Reports
    • Building Ventilation Status
    • Paint Inspections
    • Water Safety
    • Resources for Facilities Staff
    • Health and Safety
    • Sustainability
    • Climate Action Days
    • School Construction
    • Public Art for Public Schools
    • Public Schools Athletic League
    • Moises Jimenez et at v New York City Department of Education (Sports Equity Case): Notice of Proposed Class Action Settlement
    • Whats New
    • NYC School Bus App
    • File a Formal Complaint at Your Charter School
    • Charter School Authorizers
    • District Planning Document Library
    • Document Library Archive
    • Paint Inspections
    • Bronx
    • Brooklyn
    • Manhattan
    • Queens
    • Staten Island
  • Get Involved
    • Students
    • Families
    • Students
    • NYC Youth Speaks
    • Student Opportunities
    • Student Advisory Councils
    • Student Bill of Rights
    • Working Papers
    • Demographic Survey
    • Families
    • New York City Schools Account
    • Education Councils
    • Family and Community Engagement (FACE)
    • Family and Community Wellness Collective
    • Family Empowerment
    • Guidance on Public Meetings and School Visits
    • Panel for Educational Policy
    • Parent and Parent Teacher Associations
    • Parent-Teacher Conferences
    • School Leadership Team
    • School Wellness Councils
    • Education Councils
    • Community Education Councils
    • Citywide Education Councils
    • Elections 2025
    • Helpful Resources
    • Panel for Educational Policy
    • Panel Members
    • Bylaws
    • Meeting Archives
    • Emergency Declarations
    • Meeting Schedule
    • Special Commissions
    • Panel General Elections
    • Parent and Parent Teacher Associations
    • Vaccine Fundraiser
    • School Leadership Team
    • Comprehensive Education Plans
    • Elections 2025
    • Elections 2025
    • Frequently Asked Questions
    • Campaigning Guidelines
    • Appointee Seats
    • Vacancy Application Forms
    • Equity Council Elections
    • 2023 Election Results
    • Helpful Resources
    • Roles and Responsibilities
    • Technical Training
    • Code of Conduct
    • Monthly Planning Calendar
    • Chancellors Regulations
    • Panel Members
    • Gregory Faulkner, Chairperson
    • Dr. Angela Green, Vice Chairperson
    • Alan Ong, Engagement Committee Chair
    • Thomas Sheppard
    • Marjorie Dienstag
    • Aaron Bogad
    • Maisha Sapp, Contracts Committee Chair
    • Anita Garcia
    • Anthony Giordano
    • Naveed Hasan, Government Affairs Committee Chair
    • Phoebe Sade-Arnold
    • Shirley Aubin, Appeals Committee Chair
    • Venus Sze-Tsang
    • Amy Fair
    • Alice Ho
    • Marielle Ali
    • Adriana Alicea
    • Camille Casaretti
    • Dr. Darling Miramey
  • Calendar
  • TeachHub
  • Employees
  • Enrollment
    • Enroll Grade by Grade
      • Enroll Grade by Grade
      • Learn About Enrollment
      • Infant and Toddler
      • Head Start
      • 3-K
      • Pre-K
      • Kindergarten
        • Kindergarten
        • Elementary Admissions Events
      • Gifted and Talented
      • Middle School
      • High School
        • High School
        • High School Auditions
        • Screened Admissions
        • Assessments for Screened Schools
        • Educational Option (Ed Opt) Admissions Method
        • Types of High Schools
        • Spotlight on Great High School Options
        • Offer Chances
      • Specialized High Schools
        • Specialized High Schools
        • Discovery Programs
      • How Students Get Offers to DOE Public Schools
        • How Students Get Offers to DOE Public Schools
        • Random Numbers in Admissions
      • Waitlists
      • District 75
    • Enrollment Help
      • Enrollment Help
      • Family Welcome Centers
      • Meeting Student Needs
        • Meeting Student Needs
        • Enrollment for LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Students
        • Enrollment for Students with Disabilities
        • Enrollment for Students with Accessibility Needs
        • Enrollment for Students Learning English
        • Diversity in Admissions
        • Non-Resident Enrollment
      • New Students
      • Transfers
      • Home Schooling
      • Enrollment Forms
    • Enroll in Charter Schools
      • Enroll in Charter Schools
      • Learn About Charter Schools
      • How to Enroll in Charter Schools
      • Pre-K Charter Schools
    • Summer
      • Summer
      • Summer Rising
    • Other Ways to Graduate
      • Other Ways to Graduate
      • Learn About Other Ways to Graduate
      • Alternative Middle Schools
      • Young Adult Borough Centers
      • Transfer High Schools
        • Transfer High Schools
        • Transfer Schools Guide
      • High School Equivalency (Ages 17-21)
        • High School Equivalency (Ages 17-21)
        • Enroll in High School Equivalency Classes (Ages 17-21)
      • Adult Education (Ages 21 plus)
    • NYC Bright Starts
  • Find a School
  • Learning
    • Special Education
      • Special Education
      • Family Resources
        • Family Resources
        • Special Education Supports
          • Special Education Supports
          • Assistive Technology
          • Occupational Therapy Supports
          • Physical Therapy Supports
          • Speech Therapy Supports
        • Beyond Access Series
      • The IEP Process
        • The IEP Process
        • Starting the Process
        • Making a Referral
        • Evaluation
        • IEP Meeting
        • The IEP
        • Parent Members
      • Supports and Services
        • Supports and Services
        • Assistive Technology
        • Behavior Supports
        • Related Services
          • Related Services
          • Finding an Independent Provider
        • Specialized Transportation
        • Other Special Education Services
        • Testing Accommodations
        • Extended School Year Services for July and August
        • Building Accessibility
      • School Settings
        • School Settings
        • District Schools
        • Specialized Programs
        • District 75
          • District 75
          • District 75 Programs
        • Other Educational Settings
      • Preschool to Age 21
        • Preschool to Age 21
        • Special Education in NYC
        • Preschool Students
        • Kindergarten Students
        • Students with Disabilities and Gifted and Talented
        • Middle School Students
        • High School Students
        • Transition from High School
      • Help
        • Help
        • Talking About Disability
        • Your Rights
        • Contacts and Resources
        • Special Education Glossary
        • Committees on Special Education
        • Resources for Staff and Providers
        • N.G. by F.E. v. New York City Department of Education, et al.
        • M.G. vs DOE Notice of Proposed Class Action Settlement
        • J.S.M. vs DOE Notice of Class Action Settlement
      • Building Accessibility
      • Boldly Reimagining Special Education
        • Boldly Reimagining Special Education
        • Inclusive Schools
      • Due Process: Impartial Hearings and Mediation
        • Due Process: Impartial Hearings and Mediation
        • Due Process Rights
        • Getting Support
        • Impartial Hearings
        • Mediation
      • Equitable Services (IESP) Assistance
      • Impartial Hearing Order Implementation
    • Multilingual Learners
      • Multilingual Learners
      • Annual Parent Teacher Meetings for English Language Learners
      • Bill of Rights for Parents of English Language Learners
      • College-Career Readiness for English Language Learners
      • Community Organizations that Help Multilingual and Immigrant Families
      • English Language Learners
      • Multilingual and Immigrant Student Support Resource Site
      • Multilingual NYC
      • New York State Seal of Biliteracy
      • Programs for English Language Learners
      • Summer for Multilingual Learners
      • Tests for English Language Learners
      • Translated Support for Digital Learning
      • Welcoming and Inclusive Schools for Multilingual and Immigrant Communities
    • Digital Learning
      • Digital Learning
      • Digital Learning Devices
        • Digital Learning Devices
        • Your DOE-loaned Device
          • Your DOE-loaned Device
          • iPad Data
          • Sign in to Zscaler
        • iPad Fixes
        • Lost or Stolen Devices
        • Device Returns
        • Technical Support for Families
        • Free and Low-Cost Internet Options
      • Applications and Platforms
        • Applications and Platforms
        • TeachHub
          • TeachHub
          • TeachHub Mobile Application
        • One Account for All
        • New York City Schools Account (NYCSA)
        • MySchools
        • SupportHub
        • Google Classroom
        • Microsoft Teams
        • Parent U
        • Zoom
        • iLearnNYC
        • WeLearnNYC
        • WeTeachNYC
        • Tools for Keeping Children Safe Online
      • NYCPS Accounts
      • Digital Citizenship
      • Microsoft Software
    • Subjects
      • Subjects
      • Arts
        • Arts
        • How to Prepare for a Theater Audition
        • How to Make a Visual Arts Portfolio
        • How to Prepare for a Dance Audition
        • How to Engage with NYC Arts and Cultural Institutions
        • Celebrate DOE Arts
          • Celebrate DOE Arts
          • Celebrate DOE Arts 2020
        • 4th Annual NYC Public School Film Festival
      • Civics for All
      • Computer Science
      • English Language Arts
      • Health Education
        • Health Education
        • Health Education Requirements
      • Libraries
      • Literacy
        • Literacy
        • Literacy Advisory Council
        • NYC Reads
        • Literacy Resources for Families
      • Math
        • Math
        • NYC Solves
      • Physical Education
        • Physical Education
        • Physical Education Requirements
      • Science
      • Social Studies
        • Social Studies
        • Current Events
        • Hidden Voices
        • Black History Month
        • Women's History Month
        • Arab American Heritage Month
        • Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month
        • Jewish American Heritage Month
        • Caribbean American Heritage Month
        • Pride Month
        • Juneteenth
        • Hispanic Heritage Month
        • Native American Heritage Month
      • STEM
        • STEM
        • Minecraft Education Challenge
    • Testing
      • Testing
      • Student Participation Guide
      • NY State English Language Arts Test
      • NY State Math Test
      • NY State Science Test
      • NY State Alternate Assessment
      • NY State High School Regents Exams
      • Tests for English Language Learners
      • World Languages
      • Specialized High School Admissions Test
      • College Entrance Exams
        • College Entrance Exams
        • SAT School Day
      • Advanced Placement Exams
      • High School Equivalency Exam
      • Periodic Assessments
      • Testing Calendar
      • Arts Commencement Assessments
      • How to Prepare for the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test
        • How to Prepare for the Specialized High Schools Admissions Test
        • How to Prepare for the English Language Arts Section
        • How to Prepare for the Math Section
    • Student Journey
      • Student Journey
      • Bridge Coach
      • Career-Connected Learning
      • College and Career Planning
        • College and Career Planning
        • Applying to College
        • College Awareness Day
        • Exploring Future Careers
        • Paying for College
        • NYC Kids RISE Save for College Program
        • Free College and Career Advising
        • College Information for Immigrant Students
        • College and Career Glossary
        • National Student Clearinghouse Notice and Opt Out Form
      • Experiential Learning
        • Experiential Learning
        • Genovesi Environmental Study Center
        • NYC Center for Aerospace and Applied Mathematics
        • Service in Schools
      • Grade by Grade
        • Grade by Grade
        • Early Childhood Learning
          • Early Childhood Learning
          • Early Childhood Resources
          • Early Literacy Resources
          • Family Child Care
        • Elementary School Learning
        • Middle School Learning
        • High School Learning
      • Grading
      • Graduation Requirements
      • NYC Schools Account
        • NYC Schools Account
        • NYCSA Mobile Application
      • Promotion Policy
      • Student Records and Transcripts
        • Student Records and Transcripts
        • Requesting Student Records and Transcripts
        • Report Cards
      • FutureReadyNYC
    • Programs
      • Programs
      • Wellness Wednesday NYC
        • Wellness Wednesday NYC
        • Wellness Wednesday NYC Activity
      • Community Schools
      • NYC Great!
      • NYC Urban Ambassadors
      • DREAM Program
      • Medically Necessary Instruction
      • District 79 (Alternate Learning Center)
      • RISE
      • Single Shepherd
      • PROSE
      • Outdoor Learning Initiative
      • NYC Mentoring Program
  • School Life
    • Accessibility at the DOE
      • Accessibility at the DOE
      • Building Accessibility
      • Accessibility Support on iPads and Other Devices
      • Accessibility Statement
      • Enrollment for Students with Accessibility Needs
      • Local Law 12
    • Health and Wellness
      • Health and Wellness
      • Staying Healthy
        • Staying Healthy
        • Allergies
        • Asthma
        • Concussions
        • Diabetes
        • Head Lice
        • Other Health Topics
        • Dental
      • Health Services
        • Health Services
        • School Vision Program
      • Health Requirements to Attend School
      • Immunizations
      • 504 Accommodations
      • Mental Health
      • School-Based Health Centers
      • Sports and Staying Active
        • Sports and Staying Active
        • CHAMPS
        • Public Schools Athletic League
          • Public Schools Athletic League
          • Moises Jimenez et at v New York City Department of Education (Sports Equity Case): Notice of Proposed Class Action Settlement
      • Condom Availability Program
      • Menstrual Products for Students
    • Food
      • Food
      • School Meals
        • School Meals
        • Food Service for Parents and Students
        • Food Service for School Principal and Charter Schools
        • Plant Powered Friday
        • Food Education Roadmap
      • Menus
        • Menus
        • Breakfast Meals
        • Lunch Meals
        • After School Meals
        • Food Benefits
      • Food Programs
      • Menu Nutrition Information
      • Charter and Non-Public Schools Food Service
    • Transportation
      • Transportation
      • Transportation Overview
        • Transportation Overview
        • Whats New
          • Whats New
          • NYC School Bus App
      • Transportation Eligibility
        • Transportation Eligibility
        • Exceptions to Transportation Eligibility
      • Student OMNY Cards
      • Pre-K and Early Intervention Bus Companies
      • Bus Companies for School Age Children
      • Transportation Guide
      • Safe Travel Tips
      • Family Responsibilities and Expectations
      • Transportation Rights
      • Weather Emergency Procedures
      • Contact Information
    • Know Your Rights
      • Know Your Rights
      • Chancellor's Regulations
      • Discipline Code
      • Parents' Bill of Rights
      • Parents' Bill of Rights for Data Privacy and Security
      • Other Policies
      • Project Open Arms
    • School Environment
      • School Environment
      • NYC Public Schools Speak Your Language
      • Respect for All: Preventing and Addressing Student-to-Student Discrimination, Sexual and Other Harassment, Intimidation, and Bullying
        • Respect for All: Preventing and Addressing Student-to-Student Discrimination, Sexual and Other Harassment, Intimidation, and Bullying
        • Respect for All Handouts
      • Digital Citizenship
        • Digital Citizenship
        • Social Media Guidelines for Students 12 and Younger
        • Parent Social Media Guide for Students 12 and Under
        • Social Media Guidelines for Students Over 13
        • Parent Social Media Guide for Students Over 13
        • Cybersecurity Awareness Month
      • After-School
      • Attendance
      • School Counselors
      • LGBTQ Supports
        • LGBTQ Supports
        • Community-based LGBTQ Organizations
      • Get Help
        • Get Help
        • Parent Complaints and Appeals
      • Get Help at Your Charter School
        • Get Help at Your Charter School
        • File a Formal Complaint at Your Charter School
          • File a Formal Complaint at Your Charter School
          • Charter School Authorizers
      • Guidelines on Gender
        • Guidelines on Gender
        • Guidelines to Support Transgender and Gender Expansive Students
        • Guidelines on Gender Inclusion
      • Dress Code Guidelines
      • Immigrant Families
        • Immigrant Families
        • Protocols for NonLocal Law Enforcement
      • Project PIVOT
    • Safe Schools
      • Safe Schools
      • Anti-Hate Hotline/Incident Reporting Pathways
      • Bullying / Respect for All
      • Emergency Readiness
      • Gang Prevention and Intervention
      • Resilient Kids, Safer Schools
      • School Safety
        • School Safety
        • Parent Guide to School Safety and Emergency Preparedness
      • Suspensions
    • Special Situations
      • Special Situations
      • Child Abuse
      • Court-Involved Youth
      • Crisis or Traumatic Event
      • Responding to Behavioral Crises
      • Services for Student Parents
      • Students in Foster Care
      • Students in Temporary Housing
        • Students in Temporary Housing
        • E.G. v. City of New York (WiFi Case): Notice of Proposed Class Action Settlement
      • Substance Abuse
    • Space and Facilities
      • Space and Facilities
      • Building Accessibility
      • Local Law 12
      • Campus Governance
      • District Planning
        • District Planning
        • District Planning Document Library
          • District Planning Document Library
          • Document Library Archive
        • 2024-2025 Data Summaries
      • School Buildings
      • Space and Facilities Reports
        • Space and Facilities Reports
        • Building Ventilation Status
        • Paint Inspections
          • Paint Inspections
          • Bronx
          • Brooklyn
          • Manhattan
          • Queens
          • Staten Island
        • Water Safety
        • Resources for Facilities Staff
        • Health and Safety
      • Sustainability
        • Sustainability
        • Climate Action Days
      • School Construction
        • School Construction
        • Public Art for Public Schools
  • Get Involved
    • Students
      • Students
      • NYC Youth Speaks
      • Student Opportunities
      • Student Advisory Councils
      • Student Bill of Rights
      • Working Papers
      • Demographic Survey
    • Families
      • Families
      • New York City Schools Account
      • Education Councils
        • Education Councils
        • Community Education Councils
        • Citywide Education Councils
        • Elections 2025
          • Elections 2025
          • Elections 2025
          • Frequently Asked Questions
          • Campaigning Guidelines
          • Appointee Seats
          • Vacancy Application Forms
          • Equity Council Elections
          • 2023 Election Results
        • Helpful Resources
          • Helpful Resources
          • Roles and Responsibilities
          • Technical Training
          • Code of Conduct
          • Monthly Planning Calendar
          • Chancellors Regulations
      • Family and Community Engagement (FACE)
      • Family and Community Wellness Collective
      • Family Empowerment
      • Guidance on Public Meetings and School Visits
      • Panel for Educational Policy
        • Panel for Educational Policy
        • Panel Members
          • Panel Members
          • Gregory Faulkner, Chairperson
          • Dr. Angela Green, Vice Chairperson
          • Alan Ong, Engagement Committee Chair
          • Thomas Sheppard
          • Marjorie Dienstag
          • Aaron Bogad
          • Maisha Sapp, Contracts Committee Chair
          • Anita Garcia
          • Anthony Giordano
          • Naveed Hasan, Government Affairs Committee Chair
          • Phoebe Sade-Arnold
          • Shirley Aubin, Appeals Committee Chair
          • Venus Sze-Tsang
          • Amy Fair
          • Alice Ho
          • Marielle Ali
          • Adriana Alicea
          • Camille Casaretti
          • Dr. Darling Miramey
        • Bylaws
        • Meeting Archives
        • Emergency Declarations
        • Meeting Schedule
        • Special Commissions
        • Panel General Elections
      • Parent and Parent Teacher Associations
        • Parent and Parent Teacher Associations
        • Vaccine Fundraiser
      • Parent-Teacher Conferences
      • School Leadership Team
        • School Leadership Team
        • Comprehensive Education Plans
      • School Wellness Councils
  • Calendar
  • TeachHub
  • Employees
NYC Department of education
Submit
Multiple languages available
  • Home
  • Learning
  • Subjects
  • Social Studies
  • Hidden Voices
  • Fighting for Women’s Health—Dr. Helen Rodríguez-Trías

Fighting for Women’s Health—Dr. Helen Rodríguez-Trías

Published October 3, 2022
Notice: This content is over 2 years old. While accurate at the time of publication, this content may no longer be up to date.

Hidden Voices began as a collaboration between the NYC Department of Education and the Museum of the City of New York that was initiated to help City students learn about the countless individuals who are often “hidden” from traditional historical records. Each of the people highlighted in this series has made a positive impact on their communities while serving as outstanding examples of leadership, advocacy, and community service.

Today, we’re telling the story of Dr. Helen Rodríguez-Trías, a doctor and activist who played a pivotal role in the women’s health movement by advocating for the rights and freedoms of Latina women and other marginalized communities throughout her career.


Dr. Helen Rodriguez-Trias holding a newborn baby in a hospital in Puerto Rico
Photo by Jim Hansen for the Library of Congress. Original can be found online.

Dr. Helen Rodríguez-Trías (1929-2002) was a pediatrician and public health leader who advocated for women’s rights and reproductive freedoms. She would go on to become the first Latina leader of the American Public Health Association and was best known as a champion of health equity for women, people of color, and other marginalized groups.

Helen Rodríguez-Trías was born in 1929 in New York City to Puerto Rican parents. Her family moved back to Puerto Rico shortly thereafter, and she spent most of her early childhood years living there. At 10 years old, however, she returned New York City with her mother where she came face-to-face with bias and discrimination. This was particularly a problem for her at school, where, despite having good grades and being fluent in English, Rodríguez-Trías was placed in less-advanced classes due to embedded prejudices against Latinos that were all too common at the time.

Despite the challenges she faced at a young age, Rodríguez-Trías would go on to attend the University of Puerto Rico in San Juan to pursue a career in medicine, which she once said “combined the things [she] loved the most, science and people.” It was at the university where she first became involved in activism, joining the active Puerto Rican independence movement. Later, she would complete her M.D. program there as well, graduating with highest honors in 1960—the same year she gave birth to her fourth child. After completing her pediatrics residency, she went on to teach at the University Hospital in San Juan, where she established the island’s first infant health clinic. The clinic’s opening impressively resulted in a fifty percent decline in infant mortality at the hospital in only three years.

In 1970, she returned to New York once again and became the director of the pediatrics department at Lincoln Hospital in the South Bronx, which mostly served Black and Latino community members. In the same year that Dr. Rodríguez-Trías started there, a Puerto Rican civil rights organization called the Young Lords staged an occupation of the hospital to demand better quality of care for the mostly Black and Latino patients that were served there at the time. In her position, Rodríguez-Trías helped improve relationships with the South Bronx community by training her staff members to serve their patients’ direct needs and by working with activist groups and civil rights organizations towards the shared goal of ensuring that all patients received adequate, high-quality health care.

Her experiences advocating for the Puerto Rican community in the Bronx prompted Dr. Rodríguez-Trías to focus more on the connections between poor health outcomes and the poverty, inequality, and racism that people were facing regularly in her neighborhood at the time. Throughout the 1970s, she extended her work to the growing women’s health movement, with particular attention towards the decades-long practices of forced and coerced sterilization of women of color.

Dr. Helen Rodriguez-Trias speaking with new mothers at a hospital
Dr. Rodríguez-Trías (center right) speaking with a new mother at a clinic. (Photo by Jim Hansen, Library of Congress)

In her research, Rodriguez-Trías discovered that between the late 1930s and the late 1960s, approximately one third of Puerto Rican women of childbearing age had been sterilized, often having been misled into thinking the procedure was reversible. Studies uncovered that the practice was subsidized by the Puerto Rican government, but also that the issue of coerced sterilization was not unique to the island. In fact, further research revealed that hospitals in the United States were specifically and aggressively targeting patients who were low-income women of color for sterilization procedures. By the mid-1970s, data shows that over 65 percent of sterilizations in U.S. hospitals were being performed on women of color. Rodríguez-Trías once noted that, “While young white middle class women were denied their requests for sterilization, low-income women of certain ethnicity were misled or coerced into them.” She did not hesitate to point out that there was a clear double standard when it came to the reproductive health care options for marginalized women and decided to dedicate her career to fighting these inequities.

Around this time, Dr. Rodríguez-Trías joined with other public health advocates create the Committee to End Sterilization Abuse. In both this organization and later, as a founder of another group called the Committee for Abortion Rights and Against Sterilization Abuse, Rodríguez-Trías led advocacy efforts for free birth control, educated the public about coerced sterilization, and pursued legal and legislative action against the injustices women of color had been facing in the healthcare system. In 1979, the work of these organizations led to the implementation of federal guidelines on sterilization that required written and informed consent and a 30-day waiting period—rules that are still in place to this day.

Throughout her involvement in the women’s health movement, Helen Rodríguez-Trías centered women of color, and particularly Latina women in her work and research. She once said that though she found the movement itself to be diverse, that “the more public positions articulated by the movement didn’t include the experiences or concerns of women of color or of poor women.” However, she and other advocates insisted: “If we’re going to have a movement, it has to be about equity,” a principle that she would keep fighting for as she continued her activism later in her career.

In 1988, Dr. Rodríguez-Trías became the medical director of the New York State Department of Health AIDS Institute. She took on this role after her experiences working with HIV-infected women and children made her realize that that the disease was not being adequately addressed by the medical community nor the public. During her tenure, she helped raise awareness of the impact that HIV/AIDS had on families and established standards of care for people with the illness that, after being implemented in New York State, became a model for the rest of the country and improved health care for thousands of people nationwide.

Dr. Helen Rodriguez-Trias (center, right) standing with President Bill Clinton (center) and her family after receiving the Presidential Citizens Medal in January 2001
Dr. Rodríguez-Trías (center, right) was honored with the Presidential Citizens Medal in January 2001 by President Bill Clinton. (Photo by JoEllen Brainin-Rodríguez, M.D.)

Rodríguez-Trías’s efforts to improve health outcomes for women and people of color throughout her career led her to join her colleagues in creating both the Women’s Caucus and the Latino Caucus of the American Public Health Association, an organization that she would come to lead when she was elected to be their first Latina President years later in 1993. In this role, she urged doctors and public health officials to improve how they address the health care needs of disadvantaged communities, including low-income families, the uninsured, women of color, and people with HIV/AIDS. She used her platform to spread this message across the country and called for health equity, reproductive freedom, and women’s rights nationwide.

In recognition of her important work, Dr. Rodríguez-Trías received the Presidential Citizens Medal from Bill Clinton in January 2001. She passed away in 2002 at age 72 from lung cancer.

Whether it was her work in Puerto Rico and the Bronx as a pediatrician, or across the United States as a leader in the women’s health movement, Dr. Helen Rodríguez-Trías made an enormous impact on the lives of countless individuals. She understood the connections between race, class, and gender to public health outcomes, and she worked to ensure that all individuals received the quality care they deserved. “We cannot achieve a healthier us,” she once explained, “without achieving a healthier, more equitable health care system, and ultimately, a more equitable society.”


Sources

  • “Dr. Helen Rodríguez-Trías.” U.S. National Park Service. Available online: https://www.nps.gov/people/dr-helen-rodr%C3%ADguez-tr%C3%ADas.htm
  • “Helen Rodríguez-Trías.” Changing the Face of Medicine. Available online: https://cfmedicine.nlm.nih.gov/physicians/biography_273.html
  • Herrera, J.F. Portraits of Hispanic American Heroes. Dial Books for Young Readers, 2014.
  • McKiernan-González, J. “American Latino Theme Study: Science.” U.S. National Park Service. Available online: https://www.nps.gov/articles/latinothemescience.htm
  • Null, G., and Seaman, B. For Women Only! Your Guide to Health Empowerment. Seven Stories Press, 1999
  • Porter, T. “Who Was Helen Rodríguez-Trías? Facts and Quotes from Healthcare Activist Celebrated in Google Doodle.” Newsweek, 7 July, 2018. Available online: https://www.newsweek.com/who-was-helen-rodriguez-trias-facts-and-quotes-healthcare-activist-celebrated-1012919
  • Ribas, M. and Rodríguez, N. “Guide to the Helen Rodríguez-Trías Papers, 1929–2002.” Archives of the Puerto Rican Diaspora, Centro de Estudios Puertorriqueños at Hunter College, 2007. Available online: https://centropr-archive.hunter.cuny.edu/sites/default/files/faids/rodriguez_triasb.html
  • Saxon, W. “Helen Rodríguez-Trías, 72, Family Health Care Advocate.” The New York Times, 4 January, 2002, pg. C11. Available online: https://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/04/us/helen-rodriguez-trias-72-family-health-care-advocate.html
  • Wilcox, J. “The Face of Women’s Health: Helen Rodríguez-Trías.” American Journal of Public Health, 2002, pgs. 92(4), 566–569. Available online: https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.4.566

Banner photo by Rafael Pesquera. Used under Creative Commons license. Original can be found on the National Institutes of Health website.

Technology for families

Students

Access all your DOE applications – TeachHub, Google, iLearnNYC, Microsoft Office, Zoom, and more–from one place.

SupportHub

Need technical support? Visit the SupportHub for answers to common questions and to open a support ticket.

NYC Schools Account (NYCSA)

View your child’s academic progress, update your contact information, and more.

Parent University

Parent University seeks to educate and empower families through free courses, resources, events, and activities.

MySchools

Apply to grades 3-K –12, explore and compare schools, and more.

Expand Footer Collapse Footer
New York City Department of Education

Enrollment

  • Enroll Grade by Grade
  • Enrollment Help
  • Enroll in Charter Schools
  • Summer
  • Other Ways to Graduate

Learning

  • Special Education
  • Multilingual Learners
  • Digital Learning
  • Subjects
  • Testing
  • Student Journey
  • Programs

School Life

  • Accessibility at the DOE
  • Health and Wellness
  • Food
  • Transportation
  • Know Your Rights
  • School Environment
  • Safe Schools
  • Special Situations
  • Space and Facilities

Connect with NYC DOE

  • Employees
  • Careers
  • About Us
  • News
  • Calendar
  • Messages for Families
  • InfoHub
NYC Public Schools logo

Copyright ©  New York City Department of Education.

Sitemap | Privacy Policy
X icon YouTube Facebook Instagram
Follow Us
  • (Open external link)
  • (Open external link)
  • (Open external link)
  • (Open external link)
Top